The hottest place on Earth is Death Valley, California. Death Valley's Badwater Basin is the point of the lowest elevation in North America, at 282 feet below sea level. The hottest air temperature recorded in Death Valley was 56.7 °C. The park is home animals such as coyotes, bighorn sheep, gophers, kangaroo rats fox and badgers. Bighorn sheep are able to go without water for days and Kangaroo rats don't need to drink water their entire life. They can survive on water digested from their seedy, vegetarian diet.
The coldest place on Earth is Vostok Station, Antarctica. The lowest natural temperature ever recorded on ground level is -89.2°C. The only "settlements" with long term residents (who stay for some months or a year, maybe two) are scientific bases. They typically have 50 people there during summer and about 15-20 people during winter.
